Characterization of lignin and lignin-derivatives from biomass. Application as expander of Lead-acid battery

Expanders, as lignosulfonates, are crucial for a good performance of Pb/acid batteries. In the process discharge, Pb and PbO2 go to PbSO4. The formed PbSO4 is adsorbed on surface electrode dramatically reduces lifetime battery by formation big crystals. order prevent that, addition expanders in negative an economic solution this investigation, we propose synthesis several lignosulfonates obtained from lignin many biomass origins. We have derivatized nine samples via microwave-assisted sulfonation, then characterized how efficient chosen method. been infrared spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), two-dimensional correlated (COSY), elemental analysis acquire some relevant information about their structure terms functional groups. way, three commercial Vanisperse A, Indulin AT, Oakwood, selected references our comparisons. Moreover, checked electrochemical properties, using techniques compare behavior with respect lignosulfonates. Finally, one them tested its expander battery. That result very promising first approach, can conclude that derivatives low-cost choice improve particular, it shown incorporation LignosB improves cell well capacity (36.30% more) charge acceptance (63.16% more), being these parameters